2 ๋ถ„ ์†Œ์š”

SecurityMiddleware๋ž€?

from typing import Any

from django.http.request import HttpRequest
from django.http.response import HttpResponse, HttpResponsePermanentRedirect
from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin

class SecurityMiddleware(MiddlewareMixin):
    sts_seconds: int = ...
    sts_include_subdomains: bool = ...
    sts_preload: bool = ...
    content_type_nosniff: bool = ...
    xss_filter: bool = ...
    redirect: bool = ...
    redirect_host: str | None = ...
    redirect_exempt: list[Any] = ...
    def process_request(
        self, request: HttpRequest
    ) -> HttpResponsePermanentRedirect | None: ...
    def process_response(
        self, request: HttpRequest, response: HttpResponse
    ) -> HttpResponse: ...

SecurityMiddleware ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ChatGPT์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ดค๋‹ค.

SecurityMiddleware ๋Š” django-admin startproject ๋ช…๋ น์–ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ƒ์„ฑํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ผ๋ฉด ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํฌํ•จ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋“ค์›จ์–ด ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ, Django ์• ํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜์˜ ๋ณด์•ˆ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋“ค์›จ์–ด์ด๋‹ค.

[ChatGPT] SecurityMiddleware์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์—ญํ• 

HTTPS ๋ฆฌ๋””๋ ‰์…˜

SECURE_SSL_REDIRECT ์„ค์ •์ด True ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋ชจ๋“  HTTP ์š”์ฒญ์„ HTTPS๋กœ ๋ฆฌ๋””๋ ‰์…˜ํ•œ๋‹ค.

์ด๋Š” ํด๋ผ์ด์–ธํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ HTTPS ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ๋งŒ ์„œ๋ฒ„์— ์ ‘์†ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ฐ•์ œํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์ž„!

์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ „์†ก ์ค‘ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋„์ฒญ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค!

HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS)

SECURE_HSTS_SECONDS ์„ค์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด HSTS ํ—ค๋”๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ด ํ—ค๋”๋Š” ๋ธŒ๋ผ์šฐ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ํŠน์ • ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ ํ•ด๋‹น ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์˜ค์ง HTTPS ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋งŒ ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ง€์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์ด๋‹ค!

HSTS๋Š” HTTPS๋กœ ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์— ์ฒ˜์Œ ์ ‘์†ํ•œ ์ดํ›„ ๋‹ค์‹œ HTTPS๋กœ ์ ‘์†ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ค‘๊ฐ„์ž ๊ณต๊ฒฉ(MITM) ์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•จ!

๋งŒ์•ฝ SECURE_HSTS_INCLUDE_SUBDOMAINS ๋ฅผ True ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด,. ์„œ๋ธŒ ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ์—์„œ๋„ HSTS ์ •์ฑ…์ด ์ ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค..!

๋˜, SECURE_HSTS_PRELOAD ์„ค์ •์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ธŒ๋ผ์šฐ์ €์˜ HSTS ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋กœ๋“œ ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ์— ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค.

X-Content-Type-Options ํ—ค๋” ์„ค์ •

์‘๋‹ต ํ—ค๋”์— X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff ํ—ค๋”๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด, ๋ธŒ๋ผ์šฐ์ €๊ฐ€ ์„ ์–ธ๋œ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ  ์œ ํ˜•(MIME ํƒ€์ž…)์„ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ํŒŒ์ผ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ํ•œ๋‹ค.

์ด ํ—ค๋”๋Š” ๋ธŒ๋ผ์šฐ์ €๊ฐ€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ MIME ํƒ€์ž…์„ ๊ฐ•์ œ๋กœ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ํ•˜์—ฌ MIME ์Šค๋‹ˆํ•‘ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค!

X-XSS-Protection ํ—ค๋” ์„ค์ •

X-XSS-Protection: 1; mode-block ํ—ค๋”๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋ธŒ๋ผ์šฐ์ €์˜ XSS(๊ต์ฐจ ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฝํŒ…) ํ•„ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ด ํƒ์ง€๋  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€ ๋กœ๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์ง€์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค!

์ด ํ—ค๋”๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‘๋‹ต์— ํฌํ•จ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•จ.

X-Frame-Options ํ—ค๋” ์„ค์ •

ํด๋ฆญ์žฌํ‚น(Clickjacking) ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‘๋‹ต ํ—ค๋”์— X-Frame-Options ๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ DENY ๋กœ ์„ค์ •๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ํ•ด๋‹น ํŽ˜์ด์ง€๊ฐ€ iframe์œผ๋กœ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•จ!

์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์—์„œ ํ•ด๋‹น ํŽ˜์ด์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„์— ํฌํ•จ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค..!

[๊ณต์‹ ๋ฌธ์„œ] django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware

Django๋Š” request/reseponse ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ณด์•ˆ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด SecurityMiddleware ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค.

๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ์„ค์ •๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์กฐ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ๋ฐ ๋น„ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

  • SECURE_CONTENT_TYPE_NOSNIFF
    • ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๊ฐ’: True
    • True ์ด๋ฉด, ์ด๋ฏธ ํ•ด๋‹น ํ—ค๋”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‘๋‹ต์— [X-Content-Type-Options:nosniff](https://www.notion.so/Python-Celery-task-bind-True-False-8c9ffa58286f4161abf58c895bc677b9?pvs=21)SecurityMiddleware ํ—ค๋”๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค.
  • SECURE_CROSS_ORIGIN_OPENER_POLICY
    • ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๊ฐ’: โ€˜same-originโ€™
    • None์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด SecurityMiddleware ๋Š” Cross-Origin Opener Policy **ํ—ค๋”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‘๋‹ต์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ œ๊ณต๋œ ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •๋œ๋‹ค.
  • SECURE_HSTS_INCLUDE_SUBDOMAINS
    • ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๊ฐ’: False
    • True์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, SecurityMiddleware ๋Š” includeSubDomains ์ง€์‹œ๋ฌธ์„ HTTP Strict Transport Securityย  ํ—ค๋”์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋œ๋‹ค. ๋˜, SECURE_HSTS_SECONDS ๋ฅผ 0์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์ด ์ง€์‹œ์–ด๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.
    • ์ด ๊ฐ’์„ ์ž˜๋ชป ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ์ดํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฒŒ ์†์ƒ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ ์ฃผ์˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
  • SECURE_HSTS_PRELOAD
    • ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๊ฐ’: False
    • True์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, SecurityMiddleware ๊ฐ€ HTTP Strict Transport Security ํ—ค๋”์— preload ์ง€์‹œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜, SECURE_HSTS_SECONDS ๋ฅผ 0์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ๋˜๋ฉด ์ด ์ง€์‹œ์–ด๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.
  • SECURE_HSTS_SECONDS
    • ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๊ฐ’: 0
    • 0์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์ •์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด, SecurityMiddleware ๊ฐ€ ์•„์ง ์—†๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‘๋‹ต์— HTTP Strict Transport Security ํ—ค๋”๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค.
    • ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ์ดํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ด ์†์ƒ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ ์ฃผ์˜ํ•˜์ž.
  • SECURE_REDIRECT_EXEMPT
    • ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๊ฐ’: [] (๋นˆ ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ)
    • URL ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ์ •๊ทœ์‹๊ณผ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋ฉด, ์š”์ฒญ์ด HTTPS๋กœ ๋ฆฌ๋””๋ ‰์…˜๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. SecurityMiddleware ๋Š” URL ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์—์„œ / ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ, ํŒจํ„ด์— / ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จ์‹œํ‚ค์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ํ•ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค.
  • SECURE_REFERRER_POLICY
    • ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๊ฐ’: โ€˜same-originโ€™
    • ์ด ์„ค์ •๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ SecurityMiddleware ๋Š” Referrer Policy ํ—ค๋”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‘๋‹ต์˜ ์ฐธ์กฐ์ž ์ •์ฑ… ํ—ค๋”๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณต ๋ฐ›์€ ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •๋œ๋‹ค.
  • SECURE_SSL_HOST
    • ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๊ฐ’: None
    • ๋ฌธ์ž์—ด์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋ชจ๋“  SSL ๋ฆฌ๋””๋ ‰์…˜์€ ์›๋ž˜ ์š”์ฒญ๋œ ํ˜ธ์ŠคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์ด ํ˜ธ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ๋‹ค. SECURE_SSL_REDIRECT ๊ฐ€ False์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ด ์„ค์ •์€ ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.
  • SECURE_SSL_REDIRECT
    • ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๊ฐ’: False
    • True์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, SecurityMiddleware ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  non-HTTPS redirects ์„ HTTPS๋กœ ๋ฆฌ๋””๋ ‰์…˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. (SECURE_REDIRECT_EXEMPT ์— ๋ช…์‹œ๋œ ์ •๊ทœ์‹๊ณผ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” URL์€ ์ œ์™ธ์ž„.)

์ฐธ๊ณ  ์ž๋ฃŒ

[Middleware Django documentation](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.1/ref/middleware/)

ํƒœ๊ทธ:

์นดํ…Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ:

์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธ:

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